After spreading the permeable layer, adhesive layer, and laying the lower sealing layer according to regulations on the qualified base layer, the mixture can be spread. Firstly, carry out construction layout. Accurate construction layout should avoid the heavy impact of the benchmark steel line, and the longitudinal spacing of the steel pillars should not be too large, usually 5-10 meters, and should be tightened with a wire tensioner. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen monitoring to prevent on-site personnel from disturbing and causing fluctuations in the paving surface. Before paving, it is necessary to conduct timely inspections of indicators such as columns, cross slope, and thickness, and promptly handle any problems found.

摊铺机摊铺速度匀速行使不间断，借以减少波浪和施工缝，试验人员随时检测成品料的配比和沥青含量，及时反馈拌和厂，及时调整。设专人消除粗细集料离析现象，如发现粗集料窝应予铲除，并用新料填补。此项工作必须在碾压之前进行，严禁用薄层贴补法找平，以免贴补层在使用过程中脱落压碎，引起面层推移破裂。

The paver runs at a uniform speed without interruption to reduce waves and construction joints. Testers constantly monitor the proportion of finished materials and asphalt content, and provide timely feedback to the mixing plant for timely adjustment. Assign a dedicated person to eliminate the segregation of coarse and fine aggregates. If any coarse aggregate pits are found, they should be removed and filled with new materials. This work must be carried out before rolling, and it is strictly prohibited to use the thin layer patching method to level it, in order to prevent the patching layer from falling off and crushing during use, causing the surface layer to move and break.

摊铺中的质量缺陷主要有：厚度不均，平整度差（小波浪，台阶），混合料离析、裂纹、拉沟等。

The quality defects in paving mainly include uneven thickness, poor flatness (small waves, steps), mixture segregation, cracks, and grooves.

①粉料过多，温度不当，砂石未完全烘干，机械猛烈起步和紧急刹车，刮料护板安装不当均可引起裂纹。

① Excessive powder, improper temperature, incomplete drying of sand and gravel, violent mechanical starting and emergency braking, and improper installation of scraper protection plates can all cause cracks.

②沥青含量过多或过少，矿粉含量不足；骨料尺寸与摊铺厚度不协调；振捣梁与熨平板的相互位置调整不当，振捣梁、熨平板底面磨损；刮料护板安装不当，熨平板接缝处理不当等引起拉沟。

② Excessive or insufficient asphalt content and insufficient mineral powder content; Incoordination between aggregate size and paving thickness; Improper adjustment of the mutual position between the vibrating beam and the ironing plate, resulting in wear on the bottom surface of the vibrating beam and ironing plate; Improper installation of the scraper guard board, improper handling of the joints of the ironing plate, etc. may cause pulling grooves.

③供料速度不匀；机械起步和刹车过猛；摊铺速度不均匀；熨平板工作迎角调整过当摊铺机发动机或驱动链条松紧度未调好均会引起小波浪。

③ Uneven feeding speed; Mechanical starting and excessive braking; Uneven paving speed; If the angle of attack of the ironing plate is adjusted too much, it will cause small waves when the engine or driving chain of the paver is not properly tightened.

④熨平板底面磨损或严重变型时，铺层容易产生裂纹和拉沟，故应及时变换。有时熨平板的工作迎角太小，也会使铺层的两边形成裂纹或拉沟。调整熨平板的前缘拱度，并在试铺中多次调整，直到能铺出具有良好的铺层为止。如果多次调整仍消除不了上述缺陷，就应该更换熨平板的底板。当矿料中的大颗粒尺寸大于摊铺厚度时，在摊铺过程中该大颗粒将被熨平板拖着滚动，使铺层产生裂纹、挂沟等。所以应严格控制矿料粒径，使其最大尺寸在规范之内。混合料的配比不当，会产生全铺层的裂缝，因为振捣梁在摊铺过程中混合料进行捣实的同时，还要将它向前推移。如果混合料的大颗粒过多，就会出现全铺层的大裂缝。为了消除这种裂缝，有时可将熨平板加热进行热熨，但大多数情况下需要改变混合料的配比。

④ When the bottom surface of the ironing plate is worn or severely deformed, the laying layer is prone to cracks and grooves, so it should be changed in a timely manner. Sometimes the working angle of attack of the ironing plate is too small, which can also cause cracks or grooves to form on both sides of the layer. Adjust the camber of the front edge of the ironing plate and adjust it multiple times during the trial laying until a good laying layer can be achieved. If the above defects cannot be eliminated after multiple adjustments, the bottom plate of the ironing plate should be replaced. When the size of large particles in the ore material is greater than the paving thickness, the large particles will be dragged and rolled by the iron plate during the paving process, causing cracks, hanging grooves, and other defects in the paving layer. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly control the particle size of the ore material to ensure that its maximum size is within the specifications. Improper mixing of the mixture can lead to cracks in the entire paving layer, as the vibrating beam must move the mixture forward while compacting it during the paving process. If there are too many large particles in the mixture, large cracks in the entire layer will appear. In order to eliminate such cracks, sometimes the iron plate can be heated for hot pressing, but in most cases, it is necessary to change the ratio of the mixture.

⑤轮胎摊铺机气压超限（一般为0.5~0.55mpa），摊铺机宜打滑；气压过低，机体会随矿料重量变化而上下变动，使摊铺层出现波浪。履带式摊铺机履带松紧超限将导致摊铺速度发生冲脉，进而使铺面出现搓板。履带或轮胎的行驶线上因卸料而洒落的粒料未清除，该部分摊铺厚度易突变。

⑤ The air pressure of the tire paver exceeds the limit (usually 0.5-0.55mpa), and the paver should slip; If the air pressure is too low, the body will fluctuate up and down with the weight of the mineral material, causing waves in the paving layer. Excessive tightness of the track of a tracked paver will cause a pulsation in the paving speed, resulting in the appearance of washboards on the pavement. The granular material scattered on the driving line of the track or tire due to unloading is not removed, and the paving thickness of this part is prone to sudden changes.

⑥被顶摊的运料车刹车太紧，使摊铺机负荷增大，或料车倒退撞击摊铺机或单侧轮接触、另侧脱空等会引起速度变化或偏载，使铺面出现凸楞。施工中往往第一、二车料质量较差，注意取舍或调剂使用。

⑥ The brake of the top paver is too tight, causing an increase in the load on the paver, or the reverse impact of the paver or the contact of one side wheel, or the other side becoming empty, which can cause speed changes or eccentric loads, causing bumps on the pavement. During construction, the quality of the first and second batch of materials is often poor, so pay attention to choosing or adjusting the use.

⑦自动熨平装置中，挂线不紧，中间出现挠度，会引起铺层波浪。

⑦ In the automatic ironing device, if the hanging line is not tight and there is a deflection in the middle, it will cause the laying wave.

⑧采用冷茬法摊铺时，其纵向接茬由于密实度不够，行车不久往往会出现坑洼和裂缝。因此必须注意接茬的重叠量，并在前一条摊铺带未被弄脏或变型之前就摊铺后一条。

⑧ When using the cold stubble method for paving, due to insufficient density in the longitudinal joints, potholes and cracks often appear shortly after driving. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the overlap of the joints and pave the next strip before the previous strip is dirty or deformed.