一、济南水泥稳定碎石施工原材料

　　1、 Jinan Cement Stabilized Crushed Stone Construction Raw Materials

　　1、石料厂要固定厂家，不超过2家，规格、色泽一致、棱角性较好、针片状较少，石质稳定、颗粒级配稳定。

　　1. The stone factory should have no more than two fixed manufacturers, with consistent specifications, color, good edges, few needle like shapes, stable stone quality, and stable particle size distribution.

　　2、材料规格共四档即：0～5mm石粉、5～10mm碎石、10～20mm碎石和20～25mm碎石。控制碎石的级配、压碎值、密度及吸水率、针片状、含泥量等指标。

　　2. There are four material specifications: 0-5mm stone powder, 5-10mm crushed stone, 10-20mm crushed stone, and 20-25mm crushed stone. Focus on controlling the grading, crushing value, density, water absorption rate, needle like texture, mud content and other indicators of crushed stone.

　　3、进场的碎石按不同的产地、规格分别堆放，不得混杂。基层用碎石须用监理人认可的覆盖措施进行覆盖。

　　3. The crushed stones entering the site shall be stacked separately according to different origins and specifications, and shall not be mixed. The gravel used for grassroots construction must be covered with covering measures approved by the supervisor.

　　4、水泥采用42.5级普通硅酸盐缓凝水泥，散装水泥出厂后应停放少3天，安定性合格方可使用。所用水泥初凝时间应大于3小时，终凝时间应大于6小时且小于10小时。

　　4. The cement used is 42.5 grade ordinary Portland cement. Bulk cement should be stored for at least 3 days after leaving the factory, and can only be used after passing the stability test. The initial setting time of the cement used should be greater than 3 hours, and the final setting time should be greater than 6 hours and less than 10 hours.

　　5、水应洁净，不得含有有害物质。拌合站使用的非饮用水应进行水质检验。

　　5. Water should be clean and free from harmful substances. The non potable water used in the mixing station should undergo water quality testing.

　　容易出现的问题：材料高度过高，使用过程中出现离析

　　Common problems: The material height is too high, and segregation occurs during use

　　问题的措施：料堆过高，超过2m，要提前翻拌均匀使用

　　Solution to the problem: If the material pile is too high, exceeding 2 meters, it should be thoroughly mixed and used in advance

　　问题的措施：材料分层堆放

　　Solution to the problem: Layered stacking of materials

　　容易出现的问题：材料覆盖不严密，含水量控制不均匀

　　Common problems: loose material coverage and uneven control of moisture content

　　问题的措施材料覆盖严密：

　　The measures to solve the problem are covered tightly with materials:

　　容易出现的问题：隔离墙采用编织袋，容易破损，不允许使用

　　Common issues: The partition wall is made of woven bags, which are prone to damage and are not allowed to be used

　　问题的措施：设置隔离墙和标识牌，防止材料混掺；严格控制石屑粉质量；石屑粉含泥量较高，不能使用；洁净石屑粉，砂当量要求不低于60%；精细化管理措施：建立材料样品池，做为收料标准

　　Measures to solve the problem: set up isolation walls and signs to prevent material mixing; Strictly control the quality of stone chip powder; Stone chip powder has a high mud content and cannot be used; Clean stone chip powder, with a sand equivalent requirement of not less than 60%; Refined management measures: Establish a material sample pool as the receiving standard
　二、施工配合比控制

　　2、 Construction mix proportion control

　　1、无机结合料组成设计应包括原材料检验、目标配合比设计、混合料的生产配合比和施工参数确定四个部分。

　　1. The composition design of inorganic binders should include four parts: raw material inspection, target mix design, production mix ratio of the mixture, and determination of construction parameters.

　　2、目标配合比设计：①选择级配范围②确定结合料类型及掺配比例③验证混合料相关的技术指标。

　　2. Target mix design: ① Select the grading range ② Determine the type and mixing ratio of the binder ③ Verify the technical indicators related to the mixture.

　　3、生产配合比设计：① 确定料仓供料比例②确定水泥稳定材料的容许延迟时间③确定结合料剂量的标定曲线④确定混合料的含水率、干密度。

　　3. Production mix design: ① Determine the feeding ratio of the silo ② Determine the allowable delay time of cement stabilized materials ③ Determine the calibration curve of the binder dosage ④ Determine the optimal moisture content and maximum dry density of the mixture.

　　4、施工参数确定阶段：①确定施工中结合料的剂量②确定施工合理含水率及干密度③验证混合料强度技术指标。

　　4. Construction parameter determination stage: ① Determine the dosage of binder during construction ② Determine the reasonable moisture content and maximum dry density for construction ③ Verify the technical indicators of the strength of the mixture.

　　5、基础混合料还应检验抗冲刷和抗裂性能。

　　5. The basic mixture should also be tested for its resistance to erosion and cracking.

　　三、拌和站控制

　　3、 Mixing station control

　　1、各料仓、水泥电子称在使用前经有资质的检测部门进行标定，使用前还需进行动载试验标定，确保计量准确。

　　1. Each silo and cement electronic scale must be calibrated by a qualified testing department before use, and dynamic load testing calibration must also be conducted before use to ensure accurate measurement.

　　2、混合料拌合时，应采用两次拌合的生产工艺，拌合时间应不少于15s。拌合站布局合理，施工井然有序。

　　2. When mixing the mixture, a two-stage mixing production process should be used, and the mixing time should not be less than 15 seconds. The layout of the mixing station is reasonable and the construction is orderly.

　　拌合设备安置规范并检修、标定合格：输入材料比例严禁随意调整，需根据试验检测结果，由试验人员完成材料比例调整

　　The placement of mixing equipment shall be standardized, maintained, and calibrated to be qualified: the proportion of input materials shall not be adjusted arbitrarily, and the material proportion adjustment shall be completed by the testing personnel based on the test results

　　拌合站采用电脑控制材料比例，专人监控，保证配合比准确：拌合站采用变频加水控制器，严格控制用水量。

　　The mixing station adopts computer-controlled material ratio and is monitored by a dedicated person to ensure accurate mixing ratio. The mixing station adopts a variable frequency water controller to strictly control the water consumption.

　　3、材料装运由专人指挥车辆，确保运输过程不产生离析。要求自卸车分三次装料防离析：

　　3. The transportation of materials is directed by a dedicated person to ensure that there is no segregation during the transportation process. Require the dump truck to be loaded three times to prevent segregation:

　　4、搭设工作平台，专人负责覆盖料车。搭设工作平台，专人负责覆盖料车。料车覆盖严密。

　　4. Set up a work platform and assign a dedicated person to cover the material truck. Set up a work platform and assign a dedicated person to cover the material truck. The material truck is tightly covered.

　　四、施工过程控制

　　4、 Construction process control

　　1、分项工程施工前,制定施工方案，进行技术、交底，设置技术交底展板。

　　1. Before the construction of sub projects, develop a construction plan, conduct technical and safety briefings, and set up technical briefing display boards.

　　承包人应在施工前准备好下承层，发现表面过干、表面松散的下承层应予铲除，防止形成薄层，待基层施工时予以找平；当松散层较厚时， 后按挖补处理。下承层表面应平整、坚实、干净，具有规定的路拱。施工前对下承层洒水湿润填写工作面验收单：

　　The contractor should prepare the underlying layer one day before construction. If the surface is too dry or loose, the underlying layer should be removed to prevent the formation of a thin layer. It should be leveled during the construction of the base layer; When the loose layer is thick, it should be removed and treated as excavation and repair. The surface of the lower layer should be flat, solid, clean, and have the prescribed road arch. Before construction, sprinkle water on the lower layer to moisten it and fill out the work face acceptance form:

　　2、路肩采用钢模方法控制：

　　2. The shoulder is controlled by steel formwork method:

　　3、基层施工宜采用多台摊铺机全幅摊铺，摊铺机的规格、型号要求一致。在机械上设置工作标识牌，明确职责

　　3. Multiple pavers should be used for full width paving during grassroots construction, and the specifications and models of the pavers should be consistent. Set up work signs on machinery to clarify responsibilities

　　4、当基层不能全幅摊铺而采用半幅摊铺时，应在中缝处设立侧模。钢模板采用三角撑和Φ25钢钎共同支撑，支撑牢固，每根钢模板分别用三根三角撑和钢钎来支撑，分别支撑于钢模的1m、3m、5m处；相邻模板之间互相扣连，防止模板发生变形。

　　4. When the base cannot be fully paved and half width paving is adopted, side formwork should be set up at the middle joint. The steel formwork is supported by triangular braces and Φ 25 steel drills, which are firmly supported. Each steel formwork is supported by three triangular braces and steel drills, respectively, at 1m, 3m, and 5m from the steel formwork; Adjacent templates are interlocked to prevent deformation of the templates.

　　5、专人“粗集料窝”：设专人对边部滑落粗骨料铲起运走防粗骨料集中而离析，专人清理粗集料窝，清理深度不少于10cm。摊铺机前专人负责松铺厚度：

　　5. A dedicated person is responsible for clearing the "coarse aggregate pit": a dedicated person is assigned to shovel and transport the sliding coarse aggregate at the edges to prevent the concentration and segregation of coarse aggregate. A dedicated person is responsible for cleaning the coarse aggregate pit to a depth of no less than 10cm. A dedicated person in front of the paver is responsible for the thickness of the loose paving:

　　6、对摊铺机进行适当的改进（如在摊铺机两侧挡料板下加挡料皮等），以避免混合料离析。

　　6. Make appropriate improvements to the paver (such as adding material barriers under the material barriers on both sides of the paver) to avoid segregation of the mixture.

　　7、摊铺过程中采取措施，确保表面湿润。人工采用喷洒器对小面积局部表面风干进行处理：胶轮压路机改进洒水装置向上洒水，确保表面湿润：

　　7. Take measures during the paving process to ensure that the surface is moist. Artificially using sprayers to dry small areas of local surfaces: the rubber roller is equipped with an improved sprinkler system that sprays water upwards to ensure surface moisture

　　8、控制压实工作，每个工作面少1台25T胶轮压路机或双钢轮压路机、4台激振力大于35t重型振动压路机，碾压组合一般为：胶轮2遍（或双钢轮稳压2-3遍），振动少7遍（4遍强振、3遍弱振;前进振动、后退静压、重叠1/2轮为1遍）、静压2遍，采用双钢轮压路机碾压以轮迹，均重叠1/2轮。在表面碎石无破损情况下，适当增加碾压遍数，专人控制碾压质量。

　　8. Key control of compaction work, at least one 25T rubber roller or double drum roller, and four heavy-duty vibration rollers with excitation force greater than 35t are required for each working face. The rolling combination is generally: rubber roller for 2 times (or double drum stabilizing for 2-3 times), vibration for at least 7 times (4 times strong vibration, 3 times weak vibration; forward vibration, backward static pressure, overlapping 1/2 wheel for 1 time), static pressure for 2 times, and finally, double drum roller is used for rolling to eliminate wheel marks, with an overlap of 1/2 wheel. In the absence of damage to the surface gravel, increase the number of rolling passes appropriately and assign a dedicated person to control the quality of rolling.

　　碾压过程中，压路机严禁随意停放，应停放在已碾压完成且不妨碍车辆通过的路段。

　　During the compaction process, the roller is strictly prohibited from being parked randomly and should be parked on a road section that has already been compacted and does not obstruct the passage of vehicles.

　　胶轮压路机碾压少2遍：

　　Rubber roller shall roll at least twice:

　　振动压路机碾压少7遍（4遍强振、3遍弱振;前进振动、后退静压、重叠1/2轮为1遍）

　　The vibratory roller shall roll at least 7 times (4 times strong vibration, 3 times weak vibration; forward vibration, backward static pressure, overlapping 1/2 wheel for 1 time)

　　振动压路机设置钢丝绳防止粘轮：

　　The vibratory roller is equipped with a steel wire rope to prevent wheel sticking:

　　9、主线部分与培土路肩要同时碾压，严格控制施工段落长度，以200～300m为宜。

　　9. The main line and the soil shoulder should be compacted simultaneously, and the length of the construction section should be strictly controlled, preferably between 200-300m.

　　10、上下基层施工间隔不大于水泥初凝时间，以3-4小时为宜。由于上下基层连续摊铺，下基层完成后应及时组织验收，先由驻地或副驻地组织验收外观：不得有松散、翻浆、轮迹、离析等问题，然后由现场监理组织验收各项指标，合格后方可摊铺上基层，上基层摊铺

　　10. The interval between the construction of the upper and lower base layers should not exceed the initial setting time of the cement, preferably 3-4 hours. Due to the continuous paving of the upper and lower base layers, timely acceptance should be organized after the completion of the lower base layer. Firstly, the resident or deputy resident should organize the acceptance of the appearance: there should be no looseness, grouting, wheel marks, segregation and other problems. Then, the on-site supervisor should organize the acceptance of various indicators. Only after passing the inspection can the upper base layer be paved

　　11、摊铺行进方向应顺路线行进方向，纵坡路段的摊铺压实应由坡下往坡上进行。

　　11. The direction of paving should follow the direction of the route, and the paving and compaction of longitudinal slope sections should be carried out from the bottom of the slope to the top of the slope.

　　边桩采用挂线控制高程：

　　The elevation of the edge stakes is controlled by hanging lines:

　　中桩采用支设铝合金杆控制高程：

　　The middle pile is supported by aluminum alloy rods to control the elevation:

　　按照工作段长度设置调头地点，专人引导车辆。

　　Set the turning point according to the length of the work section, and assign a dedicated person to guide the vehicle.

　　摊铺过程中跟踪检测：

　　Tracking and detection during paving process:

　　及时对平整度进行自检

　　Timely self check the flatness

　　检测合格及时覆盖

　　Qualified testing and timely coverage

　　五、接缝处理

　　5、 Seam treatment

　　（1）与老路基层纵向接缝时，台阶开挖要顺直、密实，不能出现掏空、内倾现象。

　　(1) When excavating the longitudinal joint with the old road base, the steps should be straight and compact, and there should be no hollowing or inward tilting.

　　（2）新做基层半幅施工时，纵缝应垂直相接，外倾坡度为10:1，幅基层成型后，对接缝进行初步切边处理，并切结构密实，成型良好部位。保证边部大面垂直、纵向直顺。

　　(2) When constructing half of the new base layer, the longitudinal joints should be vertically connected with an outward slope of 10:1. After the first base layer is formed, the joints should be preliminarily trimmed and cut to a structurally dense and well formed area. Ensure that the edges are vertical and straight in the longitudinal direction.

　　（3）第二幅施工前，对幅边部再进行精切边，保证成型完好，结构密实。

　　(3) Before the construction of the second piece, the edges of the first piece should be finely cut to ensure that the shape is intact and the structure is dense.

　　用两层再生棉覆盖，洒水保持湿润：

　　Cover with two layers of recycled cotton and sprinkle water to keep it moist:

　　（4）第二幅摊铺前，对接缝处洒水湿润，涂刷水泥净浆。

　　(4) Before the second paving, water the joints to moisten them and apply cement paste.

　　（5）摊铺时应保证后施工的基层压实厚度较先施工的基层厚度高约2-3mm，碾压前，对接缝处进行清扫，碾压时，靠近接缝部位5cm处采用三轮压路机增加碾压遍数压密实。

　　(5) When paving, it should be ensured that the compacted thickness of the base layer to be constructed later is about 2-3mm higher than that of the base layer to be constructed first. Before rolling, the joints should be cleaned. During rolling, a three wheel roller should be used to increase the number of rolling passes near the 5cm joint area until it is compacted.

　　终压前在纵缝处灌入水泥浆，并增加纵缝处的碾压遍数，用18-21T三轮压路机在纵缝处增加3遍碾压，确保纵缝处碾压密实。

　　Before final compaction, pour cement slurry into the longitudinal joint and increase the number of rolling passes at the longitudinal joint. Use an 18-21T three wheel roller to roll the longitudinal joint three times more to ensure that it is compacted.

　　（6）成型后及时进行验收，对边部和接缝处的压实度、钻芯成型情况进行检验。

　　(6) After forming, timely acceptance should be carried out, with a focus on inspecting the compaction degree and core drilling forming situation at the edges and joints.

　　横缝处理

　　Horizontal seam treatment

　　(1)用摊铺机摊铺混合料时，不宜中断，如因故中断时间超过2h，设置横缝，横缝处检查压实度和平整度。

　　(1) When using a paver to spread the mixture, it is not advisable to interrupt. If the interruption time exceeds 2 hours due to any reason, a transverse joint should be set up, and the compaction and flatness should be checked at the transverse joint.

　　(2)采用多台摊铺机成梯形摊铺时，横缝应设在一个断面上，不得采用梯形横接缝。横缝处的覆盖湿润、喷洒水泥净浆、碾压等符合前述有关标准。

　　(2) When using multiple pavers to spread in a trapezoidal shape, the transverse joints should be set on one section and trapezoidal transverse joints should not be used. The coverage, spraying of cement paste, and rolling at the transverse joints shall comply with the relevant standards mentioned above.

　　不得采用梯形横缝，横缝应在一个断面上

　　Trapezoidal transverse joints shall not be used, and the transverse joints shall be on one section

　　六、养生控制

　　6、 Health Control

　　(一)基层碾压完成后立即进行养生，养生时间少7d，直沥青面层施工时清扫基层工作面，方可停止养生。采取双层养生毯覆盖，养生毯必须结实完整无破损且双面带毛绒。覆盖时纵、横向搭接宽度均不少于20cm  ，养生期间保持湿润，并间隔300米设置彩钢瓦，半幅施工中间设置隔离墩及彩条旗，同时每隔60米设置一道挡土埂。挡土埂按照精细化相应尺寸进行设置。

　　（1） After the completion of the grassroots compaction, the curing should be carried out immediately for at least 7 days until the asphalt surface is cleaned during the construction of the grassroots working surface, and then the curing can be stopped. Adopting double-layer health blanket coverage, the health blanket must be sturdy, intact, undamaged, and double-sided with plush. When covering, the longitudinal and transverse overlap width should not be less than 20cm. During the maintenance period, it should be kept moist and color steel tiles should be installed at intervals of 300 meters. Isolation piers and colored flags should be set up in the middle of the half span construction, and a retaining embankment should be set up every 60 meters. The retaining embankment shall be set according to the refined corresponding size.

　　覆盖完毕后采用侧喷养生：

　　After covering, use side spray for health preservation:

　　侧喷洒水养生：

　　Side spray water for health preservation:

　　（二）SBS改性乳化沥青透层加SBS改性热沥青下封层养生：

　　（2） SBS modified emulsified asphalt top coat and SBS modified hot asphalt bottom coat curing:

　　上基层施工完成后，若能全部封闭交通，采用洒布乳化沥青透层加热沥青封层养生，经监理人验收合格后，在碾压成型路段上及时洒布乳化沥青（一般用量1.2Kg/m2），破乳后再洒布热沥青（一般用量1.0-1.2Kg/m2），乳化沥青及热沥青的洒布量根据试验段情况确定。在摊铺沥青面层前洒布预拌碎石（6～8m3/Km2），热拌热撒（145℃-165℃）。

　　After the completion of the grassroots construction, if the traffic can be completely closed, emulsified asphalt through layer heating asphalt sealing layer curing should be used. After passing the inspection of the supervisor, emulsified asphalt (generally 1.2Kg/m2) should be sprayed in a timely manner on the rolled and formed road section, and then hot asphalt (generally 1.0-1.2Kg/m2) should be sprayed after emulsion breaking. The spraying amount of emulsified asphalt and hot asphalt should be determined according to the test section. Sprinkle pre mixed crushed stone (6-8m3/km2) and hot mix hot sprinkle (145 ℃ -165 ℃) the day before laying the asphalt surface layer.

　　洒布SBS改性乳化沥青（一般用量1.2Kg/m2）：

　　Spraying SBS modified emulsified asphalt (general dosage 1.2Kg/m2):

　　洒布SBS改性热沥青（一般用量1.0-1.2Kg/m2）

　　Spraying SBS modified hot asphalt (general dosage 1.0-1.2Kg/m2)

　　在摊铺沥青面层前洒布预拌碎石（6～8m3/Km2），热拌热撒（145℃-165℃）

　　Sprinkle pre mixed crushed stone (6-8m3/km2) and hot mix and hot sprinkle (145 ℃ -165 ℃) one day before laying the asphalt surface layer

　　通过对原材料、配合比、施工过程、养生等一系列精细化管理措施，保证了基层施工质量。

　　Through a series of refined management measures such as raw materials, mix proportions, construction processes, and health preservation, the quality of grassroots construction has been ensured.

　　基层摊铺避免了离析，做到了级配均匀、密实，成型较好，上下基层以及油层和基层连接良好。

　　The base paving avoids segregation, achieves uniform and dense grading, good shaping, and good connection between the upper and lower base layers, as well as between the oil layer and the base layer.

　　骨架嵌挤结构既保证强度，又减少了基层横向裂缝的产生，取得了良好的施工效果。

　　The skeleton interlocking structure not only ensures strength but also reduces the occurrence of transverse cracks in the base layer, achieving good construction results.

　　七、首件工程施工图片

　　7、 First piece construction picture

　　基层和底基层正式施工前，应提交首件开工申请及进行技术交底。

　　Before the formal construction of the grassroots and sub base, the first piece of construction application should be submitted and safety technical disclosure should be conducted.

　　1、首件施工期间需检测项目：原材料、结合料剂量、含水率、级配、松铺系数、混合料击实。

　　1. During the first piece construction period, the following items need to be tested: raw materials, binder dosage, moisture content, gradation, loose paving coefficient, and compaction of the mixture.

　　2、养生7天后检测项目：无侧限抗压强度、钻芯取样评价外观、弯沉、承载比

　　2. After 7 days of health preservation, the testing items include unconfined compressive strength, appearance evaluation through core sampling, deflection, and bearing ratio

　　3、总结报告内容：首件检测报告、总体效果评价、关键参数值包括配合比、含水率、松铺系数、碾压工艺、养生控制、控制等。

　　3. Summary report content: First article inspection report, overall effect evaluation, recommended key parameters including mix proportion, moisture content, loose paving coefficient, rolling process, health control, safety control, etc.

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