沥青路面施工方法有那些？

　　What are the construction methods for asphalt pavement?

　　沥青路面分类：沥青路面的沥青类结构层本身，属于柔性路面范畴，但其基层除柔性材料外，也可采用刚性的水泥混凝土，或半刚性的水硬性材料。

　　Asphalt pavement classification: The asphalt structural layer of asphalt pavement itself belongs to the category of flexib

　　沥青路面有多种分类方法，按集料种类不同分为：沥青砂、沥青土、沥青碎(砾)石混合料等；按沥青材料品种不同分为：石油沥青路面、煤沥青路面、天然沥青路面和渣油路面。但较普遍的分类方法是按其施工方法、技术品质和使用特点分为：沥青混凝土路面、厂拌沥青碎石路面、沥青贯入式路面、路拌沥青碎（砾）石混合料路面和沥青表面处治路面。

　　There are various classification methods for asphalt pavement, which are classified according to different types of aggregates: asphalt sand, asphalt soil, asphalt gravel mixture, etc; According to the different types of asphalt materials, they are divided into petroleum asphalt pavement, coal asphalt pavement, natural asphalt pavement, and residual oil pavement. But the more common classification methods are based on their construction methods, technical quality, and usage characteristics: asphalt concrete pavement, factory mixed asphalt gravel pavement, asphalt penetration pavement, road mixed asphalt gravel mixture pavement, and asphalt surface treatment pavement.

　　沥青混凝土路面 由适当比例的各种不同大小颗粒的集料、矿粉和沥青，加热到一定温度后拌和，经摊铺压实而成的路面面层。

　　Asphalt concrete pavement is a pavement surface layer made by heating various particles of different sizes, mineral powder, and asphalt in appropriate proportions, mixing them at a certain temperature, and then paving and compacting them.

　　① 碾压式。沥青混凝土混合料多用热拌热铺法制备，其路用性质比较好，故对制备工艺和原材料要求也较高，大多采用集中厂拌法。用得较普遍的沥青混凝土混合料为碾压式类型，即混合料需经重型机械压实后才能成型，故有的称它为碾压式地沥青。成型以后路面平整、密实、少尘，有一定粗糙性，因而有较好的行车舒适性和外观；且有较好的耐老化性、耐磨性、温度稳定性和抗行车损坏的能力。使用寿命一般较长，当采用石油沥青作结合料时，大修年限常在15年以上。

　　① Rolling type. Asphalt concrete mixture is mostly prepared by hot mixing and hot paving method, which has good road properties. Therefore, the preparation process and raw material requirements are also high, and most of them adopt centralized factory mixing method. The commonly used asphalt concrete mixture is the roller compacted type, which means that the mixture needs to be compacted by heavy machinery before it can be formed. Therefore, some countries call it roller compacted asphalt. After forming, the road surface is smooth, dense, and less dusty, with a certain roughness, thus providing good driving comfort and appearance; And it has good aging resistance, wear resistance, temperature stability, and resistance to driving damage. The service life is generally long, and when using petroleum asphalt as a binder, the overhaul period is often over 15 years.

　　② 冷铺式。沥青混凝土热拌冷铺,有的也称为冷地沥青，常用于养护小修或需远距离输送混合料的工程，所用沥青比热拌热铺者为稀，用量亦较少，以求在常温时有适当的松散度和粘性，但其使用寿命不及热拌热铺者。

　　② Cold laid style. Asphalt concrete hot mix and cold paving, also known as cold ground asphalt in some countries, is commonly used for maintenance, minor repairs, or projects that require long-distance transportation of mixtures. The asphalt used is thinner than that of hot mix and cold paving, and the amount used is also less, in order to have appropriate looseness and viscosity at room temperature, but its service life is not as long as that of hot mix and hot paving.

　　③ 摊铺式。热拌热铺的沥青混凝土混合料可以不用重型机械压实即能成型，常称作摊铺地沥青。为了使摊铺地沥青混合料在摊铺时有适当流动性，能通过轻度的捣实和墁平即可密实，在混合料中要求有较多沥青和矿粉的混合物，即沥青胶泥，其强度主要依靠沥青胶泥的粘结力。

　　③ Spread type. Hot mixed and hot laid asphalt concrete mixture can be formed without the need for heavy machinery to compact, often referred to as pavement asphalt. In order to ensure appropriate fluidity of the asphalt mixture during paving, it can be compacted by mild compaction and smoothing. A mixture of asphalt and mineral powder, namely asphalt binder, is required in the mixture, and its strength mainly depends on the bonding strength of the asphalt binder.

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