干混砂浆(早期也叫干粉砂浆)通常叫水硬性水泥混合砂浆，是指经干燥筛分处理的骨料(如石英砂)、无机胶凝材料(如水泥)和添加剂(如聚合物)等按一定比例进行物理混合而成的一种颗粒状或粉状，以袋装或散装的形式运至工地，加水拌和后即可直接使用的物料。又称作砂浆干粉料、干混料、干拌粉，有些建筑黏合剂也属于此类。干粉砂浆在建筑业中以薄层发挥粘结、衬垫、防护和装饰作用，建筑和装修工程应用极为广泛。

Dry mixed mortar (also known as dry powder mortar in the early days) is usually called hydraulic cement mixed mortar, which refers to a granular or powdery material made by physically mixing aggregates (such as quartz sand), inorganic cementitious materials (such as cement), and additives (such as polymers) that have been dried and sieved in a certain proportion. It is transported to the construction site in bags or bulk, mixed with water, and can be directly used. Also known as mortar dry powder, dry mix, dry mix powder, some building adhesives also belong to this category. Dry powder mortar plays a role in bonding, cushioning, protection, and decoration in the construction industry as a thin layer, and is widely used in construction and decoration projects.

由于干混砂浆存在易泌水、粘聚性差、施工时间短、粘结力不足等问题，近些年来，粉煤灰的研究主要针对聚合物添加剂广泛应用于干混砂浆。

Due to the problems of easy bleeding, poor cohesiveness, short construction time, and insufficient bonding strength of dry mixed mortar, in recent years, research on fly ash has mainly focused on the widespread use of polymer additives in dry mixed mortar.

保水增稠剂被广泛应用于干混砂浆，用于调节砂浆的稠度、保水性等，减少砂浆泌水及水分散失，提高砂浆的可操作性。其中，纤维素醚和淀粉醚是干混砂浆中最常见的保水增稠材料。研究表明，纤维素醚对砂浆具有较好的保水增稠作用，然而，由于纤维素醚还会产生引气效果，这将会增加硬化浆体的孔隙率，降低密实性，从而导致强度降低。淀粉醚对砂浆的增稠效果良好，且其无引气特性，但保持性能较差。黄莉红等认为，若适当将纤维素醚和淀粉醚配合使用，可达到二者优势互补的效果，产生较好的协同效应，是保水增稠材料研究发展的方向。

Water retaining and thickening agents are widely used in dry mixed mortar to adjust the consistency and water retention of mortar, reduce mortar bleeding and water loss, and improve the workability of mortar. Among them, cellulose ether and starch ether are the most common water retaining and thickening materials in dry mixed mortar. Research has shown that cellulose ether has a good water retention and thickening effect on mortar. However, due to the air entraining effect of cellulose ether, it will increase the porosity of the hardened slurry, reduce compactness, and lead to a decrease in strength. Starch ether has a good thickening effect on mortar and has no air entraining characteristics, but its retention performance is poor. Huang Lihong and others believe that if cellulose ether and starch ether are used in combination appropriately, they can achieve complementary advantages and produce good synergistic effects, which is the direction of research and development of water retaining and thickening materials.

此外，以蒙脱石为主体矿物的膨润土具有优异的吸水增稠、悬浮稳定性，不仅对砂浆有保水增稠作用，而且对提高砂浆的抗渗性能等也有帮助，具备作为预拌砂浆保水增稠矿物外加剂的潜力。何秀强等对纤维素醚、改性淀粉醚和钠基膨润土3种保水增稠材料对再生细骨料干混砂浆性能的影响进行了研究。

In addition, bentonite with montmorillonite as the main mineral has excellent water absorption, thickening, and suspension stability. It not only has a water retention and thickening effect on mortar, but also helps improve the impermeability of mortar, and has the potential to be used as a mineral additive for pre mixed mortar water retention and thickening. He Xiuqiang et al. studied the effects of three water retaining and thickening materials, cellulose ether, modified starch ether, and sodium based bentonite, on the properties of recycled fine aggregate dry mixed mortar.

为了响应绿色建材的号召，从提高废物再利用的角度出发，研究提出制作不同种类与掺量的粉煤灰砂浆试件与普通水泥砂浆试件做和易性、抗压强度、抗折强度等性能的对比试验，旨在满足砂浆强度、和易性等性能前提下确定更佳粉煤灰掺量，以达到节约资源、优化环境、节约建筑成本的目的。

In response to the call for green building materials and from the perspective of improving waste reuse, this study proposes to conduct comparative tests on the workability, compressive strength, and flexural strength of fly ash mortar specimens with different types and dosages compared to ordinary cement mortar specimens. The aim is to determine the optimal fly ash dosage while meeting the requirements of mortar strength and workability, in order to save resources, optimize the environment, and save construction costs.