要使济南水泥稳定碎石达到良好的比例，需考虑原材料选择、配合比设计与试验、施工过程控制等多个方面，以下是具体介绍：

To achieve a good proportion of cement stabilized crushed stone in Jinan, multiple aspects such as raw material selection, mix design and testing, and construction process control need to be considered. The following is a specific introduction:

原材料选择

Raw material selection

水泥：应选用初凝时间大于 3h、终凝时间不小于 6h 的普通硅酸盐水泥、矿渣硅酸盐水泥或火山灰质硅酸盐水泥，强度等级宜为 32.5 或 42.5。水泥的质量需稳定，且各项指标应符合国家标准。

Cement: Ordinary Portland cement, slag Portland cement or volcanic ash Portland cement with an initial setting time of more than 3 hours and a final setting time of not less than 6 hours should be selected, and the strength grade should be 32.5 or 42.5. The quality of cement needs to be stable, and all indicators should comply with national standards.

碎石：采用质地坚硬、耐久、洁净的碎石，其压碎值应不大于 30%，针片状颗粒含量不超过 15%。碎石的最大粒径不宜超过 31.5mm，且应具有良好的级配。建议采用 10 - 30mm、5 - 10mm、0 - 5mm 三种规格的碎石进行掺配，以达到较优的级配效果。

Gravel: Use hard, durable, and clean gravel with a crushing value of no more than 30% and a needle like particle content of no more than 15%. The maximum particle size of crushed stone should not exceed 31.5mm and should have good grading. It is recommended to mix crushed stones in three specifications: 10-30mm, 5-10mm, and 0-5mm, in order to achieve a better grading effect.

砂：宜选用洁净、坚硬、细度模数在 2.3 - 3.0 之间的中粗砂。含泥量应不大于 3%，泥块含量应不大于 1%。

Sand: It is advisable to use clean, hard, and medium coarse sand with a fineness modulus between 2.3-3.0. The mud content should not exceed 3%, and the mud block content should not exceed 1%.

水：应使用干净、无杂质、无有害化学物质的饮用水。若使用非饮用水，需进行水质检验，确保其符合相关标准。

Water: Clean, impurity free, and harmless chemical free drinking water should be used. If non potable water is used, water quality testing must be conducted to ensure compliance with relevant standards.

配合比设计与试验

Mix design and testing

目标配合比设计：根据设计要求的强度等级，通过试验确定水泥、碎石、砂和水的初步配合比。一般水泥剂量在 3% - 6% 之间进行试配，以不同水泥剂量制备试件，进行 7 天无侧限抗压强度试验，根据试验结果确定满足强度要求且经济合理的水泥剂量。同时，通过筛分试验和合成级配计算，调整碎石和砂的比例，使混合料的级配符合规范要求。

Target mix design: Determine the preliminary mix proportions of cement, crushed stone, sand, and water through experiments based on the strength grade required by the design. The general cement dosage is between 3% and 6% for trial mixing. Different cement dosages are used to prepare specimens for a 7-day unconfined compressive strength test. Based on the test results, the cement dosage that meets the strength requirements and is economically reasonable is determined. At the same time, through screening tests and synthetic gradation calculations, the ratio of crushed stone and sand is adjusted to ensure that the gradation of the mixture meets the specification requirements.

生产配合比设计：在目标配合比确定后，根据施工现场所用的原材料和实际生产设备，对目标配合比进行调整。将各档原材料分别放入冷料仓，通过皮带秤等设备进行计量，按照目标配合比的比例进行上料，在搅拌设备中进行试拌。然后对试拌混合料进行筛分试验和物理力学性能检测，调整各档材料的用量，使生产配合比的级配和性能与目标配合比相符。

Production mix design: After determining the target mix ratio, adjust the target mix ratio based on the raw materials and actual production equipment used on the construction site. Put each grade of raw materials into the cold storage bin separately, measure them using equipment such as belt scales, and load them according to the target mix ratio. Conduct trial mixing in the mixing equipment. Then conduct screening tests and physical and mechanical performance tests on the trial mixed material, adjust the dosage of each grade of material, and ensure that the gradation and performance of the production mix match the target mix ratio.

施工配合比验证：在生产配合比确定后，进行现场试铺。通过试铺路段的施工，检验混合料的施工性能、压实度、强度等指标是否满足要求。同时，检测现场压实后的混合料级配，如有偏差，及时分析原因并调整施工配合比。在试铺过程中，还需确定合理的压实工艺和压实遍数等施工参数。

Construction mix ratio verification: After the production mix ratio is determined, on-site trial paving is carried out. Through the construction of trial road sections, verify whether the construction performance, compaction degree, strength and other indicators of the mixture meet the requirements. At the same time, the grading of the compacted mixture on site should be tested. If there are any deviations, the reasons should be analyzed in a timely manner and the construction mix ratio should be adjusted. During the trial laying process, it is also necessary to determine reasonable compaction techniques and construction parameters such as compaction passes.

施工过程控制

Construction process control

搅拌：采用强制式搅拌机进行搅拌，确保混合料搅拌均匀。严格控制原材料的计量精度，水泥、碎石、砂和水的计量误差应分别控制在 ±1%、±2%、±2% 和 ±1% 以内。搅拌时间应根据搅拌机的类型和混合料的特性确定，一般不少于 90s，以保证水泥均匀包裹在碎石和砂表面，使混合料具有良好的工作性。

Mixing: A forced mixer is used for mixing to ensure even mixing of the mixture. Strictly control the measurement accuracy of raw materials, and the measurement errors of cement, crushed stone, sand, and water should be controlled within ± 1%, ± 2%, ± 2%, and ± 1%, respectively. The mixing time should be determined according to the type of mixer and the characteristics of the mixture, generally not less than 90 seconds, to ensure that the cement is evenly wrapped on the surface of the crushed stone and sand, so that the mixture has good workability.

运输：采用大吨位自卸汽车运输混合料，车辆应覆盖篷布，防止水分蒸发和沿途扬尘。运输过程中应尽量避免颠簸和急刹车，防止混合料离析。同时，根据搅拌站与施工现场的距离和运输时间，合理安排车辆数量，确保混合料能够及时供应到施工现场，避免等待时间过长导致混合料失水或初凝。

Transportation: Large tonnage dump trucks are used to transport the mixture, and the vehicles should be covered with tarpaulins to prevent moisture evaporation and dust along the way. During transportation, bumps and sudden braking should be avoided as much as possible to prevent segregation of the mixture. At the same time, according to the distance and transportation time between the mixing plant and the construction site, the number of vehicles should be reasonably arranged to ensure that the mixture can be supplied to the construction site in a timely manner, avoiding waiting for too long and causing the mixture to lose water or initial set.

摊铺：采用摊铺机进行摊铺，摊铺机的速度应均匀、稳定，一般控制在 2 - 3m/min。在摊铺前，应将下承层表面清理干净，并适当洒水湿润。摊铺机的螺旋布料器应保持匀速转动，使混合料在熨平板前均匀分布，避免出现离析现象。对于局部不平整的地方，应及时进行人工找平，但不宜反复修整，以免破坏混合料的结构。

Paving: A paver is used for paving, and the speed of the paver should be uniform and stable, generally controlled at 2-3m/min. Before paving, the surface of the underlying layer should be cleaned and appropriately moistened with water. The spiral feeder of the paver should maintain a constant speed of rotation to evenly distribute the mixture before the ironing board and avoid segregation. For locally uneven areas, manual leveling should be carried out in a timely manner, but it is not advisable to repeatedly repair them to avoid damaging the structure of the mixture.

压实：在混合料摊铺后，应立即进行压实。先用轻型压路机静压 1 - 2 遍，然后用重型压路机振压 3 - 5 遍，最后再用轻型压路机静压 1 - 2 遍进行收光。压实过程中应遵循 “先轻后重、先慢后快、由边向中” 的原则，压路机的碾压速度不宜超过 4km/h。同时，应控制好压实遍数和压实度，使压实度达到设计要求的 97% 以上。

Compaction: After the mixture is spread, compaction should be carried out immediately. First, use a light roller to statically press 1-2 times, then use a heavy roller to vibrate 3-5 times, and finally use a light roller to statically press 1-2 times for finishing. During the compaction process, the principle of "light before heavy, slow before fast, and from edge to center" should be followed, and the rolling speed of the roller should not exceed 4km/h. At the same time, the number of compaction passes and compaction degree should be controlled to achieve a compaction degree of over 97% of the design requirements.

养护：压实完成后，应及时进行养护。一般采用覆盖土工布或塑料薄膜并洒水保湿的方法进行养护，养护时间不少于 7 天。在养护期间，应保持混合料表面湿润，避免暴晒和雨淋。同时，应禁止车辆在养护路段上通行，以免破坏基层结构。

Maintenance: After compaction is completed, timely maintenance should be carried out. Generally, the method of covering with geotextile or plastic film and watering for moisture retention is used for curing, and the curing time is not less than 7 days. During the maintenance period, the surface of the mixture should be kept moist and protected from direct sunlight and rain. At the same time, vehicles should be prohibited from passing on maintenance roads to avoid damaging the underlying structure.

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