沥青混凝土是一种在道路建设等领域广泛应用的复合材料，以下是关于它的详细介绍：

Asphalt concrete is a composite material widely used in road construction and other fields. The following is a detailed introduction about it:

组成材料

Composition materials

沥青：是沥青混凝土的胶结材料，具有良好的粘性、塑性和防水性。常用的有石油沥青和煤沥青等，石油沥青因性能优越应用更为广泛。根据来源、性质和用途不同，沥青有多种标号，如 70 号、90 号等，标号反映了沥青的针入度等性能指标，数字越大，沥青越软，针入度越大。

Asphalt: It is a bonding material for asphalt concrete, with good viscosity, plasticity, and waterproofness. Commonly used are petroleum asphalt and coal tar pitch, among which petroleum asphalt is more widely used due to its superior performance. According to different sources, properties, and uses, asphalt has various grades, such as 70, 90, etc. The grade reflects the performance indicators such as penetration of asphalt. The larger the number, the softer the asphalt and the higher the penetration.

集料：包括粗集料和细集料。粗集料一般采用碎石、破碎砾石等，粒径通常大于 2.36mm，为沥青混凝土提供骨架支撑，增强结构强度和稳定性。细集料有天然砂、机制砂等，粒径小于 2.36mm，填充粗集料间隙，使沥青混凝土更加密实，提高整体性能。

Aggregate: including coarse aggregate and fine aggregate. Coarse aggregate is generally made of crushed stone, broken gravel, etc., with a particle size usually greater than 2.36mm, providing skeleton support for asphalt concrete, enhancing structural strength and stability. Fine aggregates include natural sand, machine-made sand, etc., with a particle size of less than 2.36mm. They fill the gaps between coarse aggregates to make asphalt concrete denser and improve overall performance.

矿粉：一般是石灰岩等碱性石料经磨细得到的细粉，它与沥青相互作用，形成具有较高粘结力的沥青胶浆，填充集料孔隙，提高沥青混凝土的密实度和粘结性，对其耐久性等性能有重要影响。

Mineral powder: It is generally a fine powder obtained by grinding alkaline stone materials such as limestone. It interacts with asphalt to form an asphalt emulsion with high bonding strength, filling aggregate pores, improving the compactness and bonding of asphalt concrete, and has an important impact on its durability and other properties.

分类

classification

按集料最大粒径分类

Classified by maximum particle size of aggregate

特粗式沥青混凝土：集料最大粒径可达 37.5mm 或更大，常用于基层或下面层，具有较高的承载能力和抗变形能力。

Ultra coarse asphalt concrete: The maximum particle size of the aggregate can reach 37.5mm or larger, commonly used in the base or lower layer, with high bearing capacity and deformation resistance.

粗粒式沥青混凝土：集料最大粒径为 26.5mm 或 31.5mm，适用于道路的下面层或基层，能承受较大的车辆荷载。

Coarse grained asphalt concrete: The maximum particle size of aggregate is 26.5mm or 31.5mm, suitable for the lower layer or base of roads, and can withstand large vehicle loads.

中粒式沥青混凝土：集料最大粒径为 16mm 或 19mm，是路面中常用的类型，兼顾了强度、稳定性和表面平整度，可用于道路的中面层或上面层。

Medium grained asphalt concrete: with a maximum aggregate size of 16mm or 19mm, it is a commonly used type in road surfaces that balances strength, stability, and surface smoothness. It can be used for the middle or upper layer of roads.

细粒式沥青混凝土：集料最大粒径为 9.5mm 或 13.2mm，主要用于道路上面层，能提供较好的表面平整度和抗滑性能，降低噪音。

Fine grained asphalt concrete: The maximum particle size of the aggregate is 9.5mm or 13.2mm, mainly used for the upper layer of roads, which can provide good surface smoothness and anti-skid performance, and reduce noise.

砂粒式沥青混凝土：集料最大粒径小于 9.5mm，常用于非机动车道、人行道或薄层罩面等。

Sand based asphalt concrete: The maximum particle size of the aggregate is less than 9.5mm, commonly used for non motorized vehicle lanes, sidewalks, or thin layer coverings.

按级配类型分类

Classified by Grading Type

连续级配沥青混凝土：集料颗粒由大到小连续分布，按一定比例组成，如 AC 型（密级配沥青混凝土），其级配曲线连续圆滑，具有良好的密实性和稳定性，是最常用的沥青混凝土类型。

Continuous graded asphalt concrete: The aggregate particles are continuously distributed from large to small and composed in a certain proportion, such as AC type (dense graded asphalt concrete), whose grading curve is continuous and smooth, with good compactness and stability, and is the most commonly used type of asphalt concrete.

间断级配沥青混凝土：在级配中剔除了某些粒径范围的集料，形成不连续的级配曲线，如 SMA（沥青玛蹄脂碎石混合料），这种类型能形成更紧密的骨架结构，具有更好的抗滑、抗车辙和耐久性等性能。

Intermittent graded asphalt concrete: In the grading process, certain particle size ranges of aggregates are removed to form discontinuous grading curves, such as SMA (asphalt mastic crushed stone mixture), which can form a tighter skeleton structure and have better anti slip, anti rutting, and durability properties.

性能特点

Performance characteristics

力学性能好：具有较高的抗压强度、抗剪强度和抗弯拉强度，能承受车辆荷载的反复作用，不易出现变形、开裂等损坏现象，保证道路的使用寿命。

Good mechanical performance: It has high compressive strength, shear strength, and flexural tensile strength, can withstand the repeated action of vehicle loads, is not prone to deformation, cracking, and other damage, and ensures the service life of the road.

表面平整：施工后能形成平整、密实的表面，为车辆行驶提供良好的条件，减少行车颠簸，提高行车舒适性和安全性，同时降低车辆行驶时的噪音。

Surface smoothness: After construction, a smooth and dense surface can be formed, providing good conditions for vehicle driving, reducing driving bumps, improving driving comfort and safety, and reducing vehicle noise during driving.

防水性能优异：沥青的粘性和憎水性使沥青混凝土具有良好的防水性能，能有效阻止雨水等渗入路面结构层，保护路基和基层不受水的侵蚀，提高道路结构的稳定性。

Excellent waterproof performance: The viscosity and hydrophobicity of asphalt make asphalt concrete have good waterproof performance, which can effectively prevent rainwater and other substances from infiltrating the pavement structure layer, protect the roadbed and base layer from water erosion, and improve the stability of the road structure.

抗滑性能良好：通过合理选择集料和级配设计，可使沥青混凝土表面具有一定的粗糙度，提供足够的摩擦力，保证车辆在不同天气条件下的制动和行驶安全。

Good anti-skid performance: By selecting aggregates and gradation design reasonably, the surface of asphalt concrete can have a certain roughness, provide sufficient friction, and ensure the braking and driving safety of vehicles under different weather conditions.

耐久性强：在正常使用条件下，能抵抗自然因素（如阳光、雨水、温度变化等）和车辆荷载的长期作用，不易老化、松散和损坏，具有较长的使用寿命，一般可达 10 年至 20 年，具体取决于材料质量、施工质量和使用环境等因素。

Strong durability: Under normal usage conditions, it can resist the long-term effects of natural factors (such as sunlight, rain, temperature changes, etc.) and vehicle loads, is not easy to age, loosen, and damage, and has a long service life, generally up to 10 to 20 years, depending on factors such as material quality, construction quality, and usage environment.

制备与施工

Preparation and Construction

制备：首先将集料进行加热烘干，去除水分，然后按照设计配合比将加热后的集料、矿粉与适量的热沥青在沥青拌合站中充分搅拌混合，形成均匀的沥青混凝土混合料。在搅拌过程中，要严格控制温度、搅拌时间和各材料的用量，以保证混合料的质量。

Preparation: Firstly, heat and dry the aggregate to remove moisture. Then, according to the designed mix proportion, mix the heated aggregate, mineral powder, and an appropriate amount of hot asphalt thoroughly in the asphalt mixing plant to form a uniform asphalt concrete mixture. During the mixing process, it is necessary to strictly control the temperature, mixing time, and dosage of each material to ensure the quality of the mixture.

施工：包括摊铺和碾压两个主要环节。摊铺时，使用摊铺机将沥青混凝土混合料均匀地摊铺在基层上，控制好摊铺厚度和平整度。随后，用压路机进行碾压，一般先采用钢轮压路机静压，使混合料初步稳定，再用振动压路机进行振动碾压，提高密实度，最后用胶轮压路机进行终压，消除轮迹，使路面表面更加平整。施工过程中，要根据混合料的特性、环境温度等因素合理选择压路机的类型、碾压速度和遍数。

Construction: includes two main stages: paving and rolling. When paving, use a paver to evenly spread the asphalt concrete mixture on the base layer, controlling the paving thickness and flatness. Subsequently, a roller is used for compaction. Generally, a steel wheel roller is first used for static pressure to stabilize the mixture, and then a vibrating roller is used for vibration compaction to improve compactness. Finally, a rubber wheel roller is used for final compaction to eliminate wheel marks and make the road surface smoother. During the construction process, the type of roller, rolling speed, and number of passes should be reasonably selected based on the characteristics of the mixture, environmental temperature, and other factors.

沥青混凝土广泛应用于高速公路、城市道路、机场跑道、停车场等工程领域，是现代交通基础设施建设中不可或缺的材料。

Asphalt concrete is widely used in engineering fields such as highways, urban roads, airport runways, and parking lots, and is an indispensable material in modern transportation infrastructure construction.

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