沥青料的性能测试

　　Performance testing of asphalt materials

　　针入度测试：用于测定沥青的稠度，反映沥青的软硬程度。针入度越小，沥青越硬。

　　Penetration test: used to determine the consistency of asphalt and reflect its softness and hardness. The smaller the penetration, the harder the asphalt.

　　软化点测试：测定沥青在一定条件下软化的温度，反映沥青的高温稳定性。软化点越高，沥青的高温稳定性越好。

　　Softening point test: Determine the temperature at which asphalt softens under certain conditions, reflecting the high-temperature stability of asphalt. The higher the softening point, the better the high-temperature stability of asphalt.

　　延度测试：测量沥青在一定温度下的拉伸性能，反映沥青的低温抗裂性。延度越大，沥青的低温抗裂性越好。

　　Ductility test: measures the tensile performance of asphalt at a certain temperature, reflecting the low-temperature crack resistance of asphalt. The greater the ductility, the better the low-temperature crack resistance of asphalt.

　　粘度测试：测定沥青的粘性，反映沥青的流动性能。粘度越大，沥青的流动性越差。

　　Viscosity test: Determine the viscosity of asphalt and reflect its flowability. The higher the viscosity, the poorer the flowability of asphalt.

　　Marshall 测试：用于评估沥青混合料的性能，包括稳定度、流值等指标。

　　Marshall test: used to evaluate the performance of asphalt mixtures, including stability, flow rate, and other indicators.

　　Hamburg wheel tracking (HWT) test：汉堡轮辙试验，用于评估沥青混合料的抗车辙性能。

　　Hamburg wheel tracking (HWT) test： Hamburg wheel track test is used to evaluate the anti rutting performance of asphalt mixtures.

　　Indirect tension (IDT) test：间接拉伸试验，用于测定沥青混合料的抗拉强度。

　　Indirect tension (IDT) test： Indirect tensile test, used to determine the tensile strength of asphalt mixtures.

　　沥青料的老化与改性

　　 Aging and Modification of Asphalt Materials

　　老化：沥青在使用过程中会受到自然环境和交通荷载的影响，逐渐发生老化。老化会导致沥青的性能下降，如粘度增加、软化点升高、延度减小等。为了延缓沥青的老化，可以添加抗老化剂或采用改性沥青。

　　Aging: Asphalt will gradually age due to the influence of natural environment and traffic loads during use. Aging can lead to a decrease in the performance of asphalt, such as an increase in viscosity, an increase in softening point, and a decrease in ductility. In order to delay the aging of asphalt, anti-aging agent can be added or modified asphalt can be used.

　　改性：通过添加改性剂可以改善沥青的性能，如提高高温稳定性、低温抗裂性、耐久性等。常见的改性剂有 SBS（苯乙烯 - 丁二烯 - 苯乙烯嵌段共聚物）、TLA（特立尼达湖沥青）、高模量剂等。例如，生物沥青及岩沥青复合改性沥青可以改善沥青的温度敏感性和高温性能，但会降低沥青的延度。

　　Modification: By adding modifiers, the performance of asphalt can be improved, such as enhancing high-temperature stability, low-temperature crack resistance, durability, etc. Common modifiers include SBS (styrene butadiene styrene block copolymer), TLA (Trinidad Lake asphalt), high modulus agents, etc. For example, bio asphalt and rock asphalt composite modified asphalt can improve the temperature sensitivity and high-temperature performance of asphalt, but it will reduce the ductility of asphalt.

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